Nagoya City University press release
For publication of research results on the mechanism of regeneration of nerve cells in the brain
Professor Sawamoto sum total of the University School of Medicine (Regenerative Medicine), Masato Sawada graduate students from the same research group and has elucidated the mechanisms of neuronal regeneration in the brain are interchanged. This result, published in the Journal of Neuroscience is the scientific journal of the United States (U.S. Eastern time, August 10).
In recent years, stem cells exist even in the adult brain has shown that new nerve cells are made. However, it has been replaced by new neurons and how neurons dies by the disease was unknown or outdated. In this study, using a special microscope, by continuing to observe long-term nerve cells in the brain of live animals, that there are mechanisms in place 加Warushi new nerve cells nerve cell death, and this been elucidated for the first time that brain activity is regulated by mechanisms.
This mechanism may be useful in regenerative medicine by developing a method to treat brain disease, for example.
This study, and the National Institute for Physiological Sciences University (Division of Biological development mechanism of enhancement) was attended by such as joint research.
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Background
Recent studies, in the presence of adult stem cells in the brain has become apparent that nerve cells are playing. In the previous approach, because the postmortem brain were analyzed, the turnover in the brain and how nerve cells, or that play was unknown. In addition, the relationship between brain activity and nerve cell regeneration was almost unknown. Here we are using technology to monitor long-term nerve cells in live animals examined in detail the relationship between brain activity and the mechanism of nerve cell regeneration.
Research methods
At a site called the olfactory bulb in the brain involved in processing of the odor has been known to play active neurons. Here we are in collaboration with Prof. J. 鍋倉 National Institute for Physiological Sciences, can be observed in the brain nerve cells alive, "two-photon microscope," using a special microscope, two neurons in the olfactory bulb continued to observe repeatedly over months. As a result, older neurons dies, succeeded in capturing or how new nerve cells involved in the neural circuitry. Also, killing the targeted neurons with a laser, we found that new neurons play in the same place. Furthermore, blocking the odor information by inserting the plug into the nose of the mouse, and extinguish the stimulus to the brain, nerve cell regeneration in the same place it was found that they are unlikely.
Conclusion
There are mechanisms in place 加Warushi new neurons in the brain nerve cells died, the first mechanism that was elucidated that the activity is regulated by the brain.
Potential for medical applications
The previous studies, our new nerve cells produced from stem cells in the brain, and death of nerve cells in many diseases such as stroke, then moved to the area, to play the part of nerve cells I know that. However, the low efficiency of the regeneration function of the brain is not fully recovered. If we can improve the efficiency of regeneration of nerve cells lost to application of this mechanism revealed, may help treat brain diseases. In addition, to elucidate the mechanism by 加Warushi new nerve cells in the brain activity and improve rehabilitation after injury law, may contribute to cell and regenerative medicine using iPS.
<Details of the paper to be published>
Posted: Journal of Neuroscience, ,11587 -11 596 pages, Volume 31
Title: Sensory input regulates spatial and subtype-specific patterns of neuronal turnover in the adult olfactory bulb
Author: Masato Sawada (名古屋市立大), Naoko Kaneko (名古屋市立大), Hiroyuki Inada (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), Akira 氣弘 sum (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), Yasuko Kato (名古屋市立大), the right one thousand husbands Yanagawa (Gunma) Kazuto Kobayashi (Fukushima Medical School), Tomomi Nemoto (Hokkaido), Junichi 鍋倉 (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), the sum total Sawamoto (名古屋市立大)
