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New Neurons Clear the Path of Astrocytic Processes for Their Rapid Migration in the Adult Brain.

, Koike M , Hirota Y , Uchiyama Y , Wu JY , Lu Q , Tessier-Lavigne M , Alvarez-Buylla A , Okano H , Rubenstein JL , Sawamoto K . Kaneko N , Marín O , Koike M , Hirota Y , Uchiyama Y , Wu JY , Lu Q , Tessier-Lavigne M , Alvarez-Buylla A , Okano H , Rubenstein JL , Sawamoto K .

FULL TEXT Neuron Jul twenty-nine 2.01 thousand;. 67 (two) :213-223.

Neuron in PREVIEW : Going in the Rostral Migratory Stream Tubular: Neurons Remodel Tubes to Promote Astrocyte Migration in the Adult Brain Directional

Research Highlights in Nature : Tunnelling brain cells

Research Highlights in Nature Reviews Neuroscience: Neuron-Glia Interactions A tunnel signal

Press release by the Nagoya City University

Naoko Kaneko et al. Research Group Assistant Professor and Professor, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya City University Sawamoto total sum (regenerative medicine) was to elucidate the mechanism in the brain new neurons are made to move long distances at high speed. This achievement will be posted on the U.S. scientific journal Neuron.

In recent years, stem cells are also present in the adult brain, new nerve cells are made that has been found. For nerve cells in the brain such work, you must move to a location far away from where it was made. What you want to move nerve cells in the brain to how many cells are concentrated, was unknown until now. The mechanism by this study, to create a tunnel-shaped path of the surrounding cells Oshiwake new nerve cells, can be moved at high speed over long distances has been elucidated for the first time.

This mechanism may help in the development of regenerative medicine by a method of treating brain diseases such as periventricular leukomalacia and cerebral infarction, for example.

This study, the University, (USA), Genentech, Inc. (USA), University of California at San Francisco (United States), City of Hope Institute of Medicine Juntendo University, Keio University, the University of El MiG Hernandez (Spain), Northwestern University This international joint research (United States) participated.

Background: Recent studies, in the presence of stem cells to the adult brain, it has been making (neurons) had become apparent new nerve cells. Part is called to exist along the wall of the lateral ventricle of the brain located inside the "subventricular zone" is where the neuron has been made to the most active in the brain. The nerve cell maturation was created in this subventricular zone, the cells responsible for a variety of functions to move the long distance to the front of the brain, associated with the sense of smell. When you kill a lot of brain cells by diseases such as cerebral infarction, to play the part of the neuron to move the site of injured also. However, the brain cells and fibrous tissue is dense, whether you are moving far and then how these neurons in it, how it works was not known. We have focused in the tunnel to go through the different types of cells called astrocytes make neurons, was examined in detail how it works this time.

Research methods: Analysis of the brains of mice lacking the gene encoding a protein involved in the regulation of cell migration SLIT, the shape of the moving speed astrocytes of neurons from the subventricular zone is reduced to form a tunnel that it is an irregular was found. We investigated the distribution of ROBO of SLIT, which is a receptor protein was localized to astrocytes that form the tunnel. Place using the culture method various were analyzed in detail how to move and change the shape of a cell, binds to the ROBO SLIT neurons secreted present on the surface of astrocytes in the brain retracted that astrocytes that the tunnel structure was found to be made.

Conclusion: a new mechanism to encourage astrocytes surrounding neurons by SLIT to be moved to secrete proteins that do the maintenance of the tunnel for high-speed movement of their own became apparent.

The possibility of applying to medical care: could spare to reach efficient parts of the purpose to control the movement of neurons in the brain, and now diseases of the brain are difficult to treat, periventricular white matter and cerebral infarction, for example may help in the development of a method of treating by "regenerative medicine" to take advantage of our own capacity for regeneration have, such as neurodegenerative disease, osteomalacia. In addition, there could be transplanted nerve cells in regenerative medicine that was created using the cell iPS, it is important to control the movement of cells after transplantation.